Routing Protocols
Tutorial: BGP Route Aggregation Part 1 – Using an Advertise-Map to control aggregation
BGP Route Aggregation is not only an important topic to learn for the CCIE exam, its what keeps the internet routing tables manageable. The basic idea is simple, instead of BGP advertising lots of different prefixes, we can summarize individual prefixes as an aggregate. In this series of articles we will be looking at BGP Route Aggregation using various methods that you should be familiar with before attempting the CCIE lab.
Tutorial: Filtering Routes in OSPF Part 2 » Filtering Between Areas Using area filter-list
In our last article on filtering Routes in OSPF we looked at filtering routes within an OSPF area. In this article we will be filtering routes between areas using the area filter-list command. OSPF route filtering is an important concept to be familiar with for any CCIE candidate. We will be looking at the area filter-list command first. Part 3 will then look at some of the more obtuse ways of filtering using the area range and summary-address commands. Part of being a CCIE is knowing multiple ways of configuring the same task…just in case those evil proctors decide to restrict which of those methods you can and can’t do! :)
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types & Frame-Relay Series
Knowing the OSPF Network Types and how they work with different frame relay topologies is one of those things that you should know inside out if you are attempting the CCIE lab. This five part series of tutorials are designed to take you through all the different OSPF network types and demonstrate how they interact with Frame-Relay over various partial-mesh topologies.
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay Part 5
In my previous tutorials we looked at the different OSPF Network types and also how they interact with each other. In this tutorial we will be looking at implementing OSPF over a partial mesh Frame-Relay network with multiple hubs and spokes. This is the last of the OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay series of articles….unless I find something cool! :)
Tutorial: Filtering Routes in OSPF Part 1 » Filtering Within An Area
In addition to knowing all the different OSPF Network Types and how they relate to Frame-Relay, a CCIE candidate must be familiar with the different methods of filtering routes in OSPF. This two part series of tutorials will focus on filtering routes in OSPF, both within an area and between areas. This tutorial will focus on filtering routes within an area using distribute-lists, access-lists and using a route-map.
Tutorial: IPv6 Tunnels Part 2 – Automatic 6to4 Tunnels
In our previous article on IPv6 tunnels, we looked at manual GRE and IPv6IP Tunnels in order to provide connectivity for IPv6 networks segregated by an IPv4 network. By tunneling IPv6 over IP, we can migrate our internal networks to IPv6 and still have communication between these networks, even though we are seperated by an IPv4 network. In this article we will be using another method to provide connectivity for IPv6 networks segregated by an IPv4 network: The Automatic 6to4 Tunnel! Mastering IPv6 is not only an important part of a CCIE candidates journey, but will become increasingly important as the global pool of IPv4 addresses diminishes….
Tutorial: BGP Conditional Route Injection with inject-map
One of the great new features that was introduced in IOS 12.3 is BGP conditional route injection. With conditional route injection we can insert more specific routes into a BGP table based on the existance of another route. Most of the routes in the current internet BGP table consists of aggregate routes. This is used to minimize the size and number of routes in global BGP routing table. The aggregation of routes can sometimes obscure more specific and accurate routing information. Wouldn’t it be cool if we could control and “un-aggregate” those routes on demand? Well that’s kinda what BGP conditional route injection does. It allows us to originate a more specific prefix into the BGP routing table based on an existing aggregated route.
Mock Lab 6 Analysis – RIP Summary Address and Default Routes
I ran into this strange problem while doing Mock Lab 6, and I thought it warranted an article because it highlights why the order of operations that IOS performs certain tasks is important.
Tutorial: IPv6 Tunnels Part 1 – Manual GRE & IPv6IP Tunnels
Lets face it, sooner or later we are going to move to IPv6. Probably closer to the sooner side than some of us are comfortable with. In this series of articles we will be introducing tunnels and taking a look at how they can be used as part of you migration towards IPv6. Working with IPv6 tunnels is also an important part of a CCIE candidate’s journey, so mastering them is important. In this article we will be looking at tunnelling IPv6 over IPv4 using manual tunnels specifically using GRE and IPv6 in IPv4.
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay Part 4
In our previous tutorials (you can find Part 1 here, Part 2 here and Part 3 here) we looked at the different OSPF network types and how they apply to a partial mesh Frame-Relay Hub and spoke topology. In normal situations that would be enough, but this is the CCIE we are preparing for! We have to understand how the different network types work together. This is incase the proctor decides to not allow you to use certain types of OSPF networks on one interface or does not allow you to use the ip ospf network commands on others. Evil Proctors :)
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay Part 3
In our previous tutorials on OSPF Network types (you can read Part 1 here, and Part 2 here), we looked at the OSPF broadcast, non-broadcast, point-to-multipoint, and point-to-multipoint non-broadcast network types. In this article we will be taking a look at the last of the ospf network types, namely point-to-point and loopback network types.
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay Part 2
In our last article we looked at the Broadcast and Non-Broadcast OSPF network types. We will be continuing our OSPF Network Type series of articles by looking at Point-to-Multipoint and Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast network types.
Tutorial: OSPF Network Types and Frame Relay Part 1
Knowing the OSPF Network Types and how they work with different frame relay topologies is one of those things that you should know inside out if you are attempting the CCIE lab. In this next series of articles we will be looking at the 5 OSPF network as well as how and when to use [...]
Tutorial: Troubleshooting Split Horizon Issues, Part 2
In my previous article on split horizon we looked at some of the problems with running a distance vector routing protocol like RIP or EIGRP over a frame relay hub and spoke topology. In this article we will be exploring the problems that split horizon might cause in an ethernet based topology. Specifically we will be looking at redistribution issues and some of the problems secondary addresses can cause….
Tutorial: Troubleshooting Split Horizon Issues, Part 1
I was reading through Troubleshooting IP Routing Protocols by Cisco Press and came across an example of when to disable Split Horizon on an interface. This particular example involved secondary interfaces, and RIP. After reading about it I tried to go through in my mind all the circumstances in which one might need to disable or troubleshoot split horizon. I labbed up a couple of these scenarios in Dynamips and came up with the following scenarios: Using Distance Vector Routing protocol with Hub and Spoke Frame Relay, Using Distance Vector Routing protocols with Ethernet topologies, Using a Distance Vector Routing protocol with secondary addresses and Redistribution issues with Split Horizon. It is these scenarios that we will be having a look at in the next couple of articles….
BGP allowas-in, BGP local-as tips and tricks…
BGP Local-AS
BGP allows you to manipulate your Autonomous System (AS) number in a number of different ways including confederations, local-as, and remote-as commands. This article focuses on manipulating your AS as seen by other remote AS’s using the local-as command. We will also look at some tips and tricks using this in conjunction with BGP [...]
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